Source classification of polymer materials
Release time：2017-04-05News source：admin
Polymer materials are divided into natural polymer materials and synthetic polymer materials.
Natural polymer is a kind of macromolecule material which exists in animals, plants and organisms. It can be divided into natural fiber, natural resin, natural rubber, animal glue and so on. Synthetic polymer materials mainly refers to plastic, synthetic rubber and synthetic fiber three synthetic materials, in addition, including adhesives, coatings and various functional polymer materials. Synthetic polymer materials with natural polymer materials have no or superior performance - smaller density, higher mechanical properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, etc.. [2]
Classification of polymer materials by application
According to the characteristics of polymer materials into rubber, fiber, plastic, polymer adhesive, polymer coating and polymer matrix composites.
Rubber is a kind of linear flexible polymer. The molecular chain between the sub valence force is small, flexible molecular chain, under the action of external forces can produce large deformation, after the removal of external forces can quickly restore the original state. There are two kinds of natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
Fiber is divided into natural fiber and chemical fiber. The former refers to silk, cotton, linen, wool, etc.. The latter is based on natural polymers or synthetic polymers as raw materials. The fiber has the advantages of large secondary force, small deformation ability and high modulus.
Plastic is made of synthetic resin or chemically modified natural polymer as main component, and then added with fillers, plasticizers and other additives. The intermolecular secondary force, modulus and shape are between the rubber and the fiber. Usually according to the characteristics of synthetic resin is divided into thermosetting plastics and thermoplastic plastics; according to the use and is divided into general plastics and engineering plastics.
Macromolecule adhesive is a kind of adhesive material which is made of synthetic high molecular compound. Divided into two kinds of natural and synthetic adhesives. Application of synthetic adhesives.
Polymer coating is made up of polymer as main film forming material. According to the different film forming material, it can be divided into oil paint, natural resin coating and synthetic resin coating.
The polymer matrix composites with polymer matrix, adding a variety of enhanced composite materials prepared. It combines the characteristics of the original material, and can be designed according to the needs of materials. Polymer composites are also known as polymer modification, which can be divided into molecular modification and blending modification.
The functional polymer materials. In addition to the general mechanical properties, insulation and thermal properties of the polymer, the functional polymer material has the special functions of material, energy and information conversion, magnetism, transmission and storage. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model is provided with a polymer information conversion material, a polymer transparent material, a macromolecule analog enzyme, a biodegradable polymer material, a macromolecule shape memory material, and a medical and medicinal polymer material, etc..
Polymers can be classified into the following categories according to their mechanical properties and operating conditions. However, there is no strict limit between various types of polymers, the same polymer, using different synthetic methods and molding process, can be made of plastic, can also be made of fiber, such as nylon is so. And a kind of polyurethane polymer, at room temperature, both the glass state, and has good elasticity, so it is difficult to say whether it is rubber or plastic. [1]
Classification of polymer materials by application function
According to the classification of the application function of the material, the polymer materials can be divided into three categories: general polymer materials, special polymer materials and functional polymer materials. General polymer material refers to the large-scale industrial production, has been widely used in construction, transportation, agriculture, electrical and electronic industries and other major areas of national economy and people's daily life of polymer materials. This is divided into plastic, rubber, fiber, adhesives, coatings and other different types. Special polymer material is a kind of polymer material with excellent mechanical strength and heat resistance, such as polycarbonate, polyimide and so on. Functional polymer material is a kind of high molecular compound which can be used as functional material with special function and function, including functional separation film, conductive material, medical polymer material, liquid crystal polymer material and so on. [2] [3]
According to the polymer backbone structure classification
Carbon chain polymer: molecular backbone by C atoms, such as: PP, PE, PVC
Miscellaneous chain polymers: molecular backbone by C, O, N, P and other atoms. Such as: polyamide, polyester, silicone oil
An organic polymer with a molecular backbone that contains no C atoms and is composed of only a few heteroatom. Such as: silicone rubber [4]
Other categories
According to the polymer backbone geometry classification: linear polymer, branched polymer.
According to the arrangement of polymers, the crystalline polymers, semi crystalline polymers, amorphous polymers.